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Microphones are possibly the key component in getting good quality sound, and as in so many areas of our lives - “You get what you pay for.” They are often a personal choice, with recordists preferring to stick with a manufacturer they know and trust rather than move to another make with all the uncertainties a change will bring. Sadly there is no one perfect mic for every situation.
Lapel (lavalier) microphones have historically been the choice for oral history people. They sit in a fixed position and once clipped on they are ‘out of sight, out of mind’ for the interviewee. We have several - from surprisingly good ones at £30, through to definitely very good ones at £160.
Hand held mics can be used for shorter interviews and ‘vox pops’, and for lectures, speeches, etc. Can be mounted on a table or floor stand.
Boundary mics are used for recording groups - either round a table or in larger spaces, up to conference halls. But they can’t work miracles, and having a short distance between the speaker and the mic is nearly always best.
USB mics plug directly into a laptop (or PC). Don’t confuse these sE Electronics mics with cheaper ‘consumer’ types made for podcasting - there is a lot of difference.
Radio mics are used where you can’t lay cables or when speakers are moving about.
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